THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC ISSUE IN TANZANIA

The meaning of the Concept
The Socio-economic issues are those aspects which influence social and economic development of the given society. The key social and ecomonic problems in Tanzania for instance include the population ground, crime poor helaht services, migration, uneven rural and urban development and corruption. Currently the rate of socio-economic issues is taking is speed due to the development is science and technology.

It is a challenge toa country like Tanzania and other developing countries in the world to take up action so as to overcome such threatening phenomenon. Tanzania for instance has established certain organs so as to fight some the socio-economic issues. One of there institutions is PCB (Prevention Corruption Bureau) which deals with people who try to use public things for their own benefits. The following are the main socio-economic issues which prevail in Tanzania.

UNEMPLOYMENT
Before knowing the meaning of unemployment, it is better to know first the meaning of employment. Employment is the situation where by the able bodied people get job opportunities. Employment can be official employment or self employment in different activities. One can employed in activities such as in agriculture, mining and trade so as to his/her basic needs.

From this concept, one can trace unemployment as the situation where by the able bodied and mentally fit people in a community lack job opportunities to do in order to run their daily life. The rate unemployment in Tanzania is observed by looking the number of people who are able bodied and mentally fit lacked job opportunities. When rate of unemployment is high, it indicates that there are few chances people to be employed or there is a tendency of people to select jobs example in Tanzania most of youth prefer color job, and to work urban located jobs in towns and cities that in rural areas. This has cause number of people to lack job opportunities, and hence uncemployed

Causes of Unemployment in Tanzania

Rapid penetration of modern technology in both public and private sectors. The uses of machines like computers have replaced manual work in different public and private sectors. Works which could be done using hands are done by machines. This decreases the even in European countries such as in England. Manual works were done by machines instead of using hands. Currently, Tanzania is being affected by imported technology such as machines and computers. These have replaced manual works hence low demand of workers.

Overpopulation is the situation where by the number of people in a given area excees the resources available. It is another reason for unemployment. In most countries employment opportunities are not increasing at the rate of increase of labour supply. For example high population causes the shortage of natural resources such as land where people can employ themselves various activities like the agricultural activities. Also overpopulation causes shortage of official employment opportunities which int turn causes people to remain unemployed.

Privatization of public sector and enterprises is another reason for the rate of unemployment is developing countries like Tanzania. Privatization means the process of putting public sector or enterprises into the hands of private individuals. In many countries privatization is done for the aim of transferring technology to their countries. Privatization involves people within the countries and from abroad. Privatization has brought both positive and negative impacts in the society.

One of the advantages is the importation of new technology which has reduced the load to the government.all in all privatization has been a major problem in terms of employment. Those who are given a sector to run employ labour force from their countries and reduce the numbers of workers depending on their needs. This has been a problem in Tanzania whereby most people loose their jobs. For instance when TANESCO was privatized most Tanzania workers lost their jobs and positions.

Overemphasizes on the laterally sector training for white collar jobs white collar jobs can be stated as the official works. Tanzania education is mostly designed for preparing youth for white collar jobs. It does not prepare them for being employed themselves in different activities such as agriculture and fishing. This kind of training; directs its effort on preparing people who could perform official works for the government as being teacher clerk a doctor or a manager of a certain company.

To overcome this problem, the government should intergreate education with work in order to make people know that manual works as are to be performed by the people who are educated. Different projects such as cultivation animal keeping fishing, and bee-keeping should encouraged.this will expose a learner in a real situation and remove ideas of depending on official works, Keynesian theory of income and employment tries to highlight the unemployment can occur due to the lack of effective demand. If effective demand is less than production of goods and services, then it will fall and results into unemployment.

Capital is another aspects that results into unemployment in a countrylike Tanzania. Capital can be referred to as wealth which is used produce more wealth or starting a business. Capital one be categorized into financial capital, human capital social capital and fixed capital which my include materials used for production such as house machines and goods used in production. All in all Tanzania is faced with scarcity of capital. This situation has coused Tanzania not to establish more factories and other investment in order to accommodate people in terms of employment.

Some of people have no education and qualifications to be employed in different sectors especially whose which need high knowledge and skills for example teaching, engimeering, and being a doctor need some special skills to perform effectively, Health is the complete physical, mental and social well being. There are several health problems which can cause a person not to be employed in a ceratin sector. For example the state of being affected by HIV/AIDS can cause a person to be rejected to be given a job opportunity, ceipples and other disable people my loose some certain jobs bacause of nature of their physical fitness. For instance it may become impossible employ a blid person or a cripple to supervise the heavy engineer orks like the construction of bridges and building tall houses.